Adverse effects of flood in Pakistan

Adverse effects of flood in Pakistan Executive Summary: The Flood of 2010 which affected around 20 million people in Pakistan directly and left them homeless have been the worst flood that Pakistan and the world has ever seen. The research was conducted on the subject of â€Å"adverse effects of flood in Pakistan† and how it has affected our agriculture, banks, economy, imports and exports. The research was basically exploratory in nature in which we gathered articles from various institutions, organizations and newspapers. There is so much material available on the topic that it became a challenge for us to remain specific and to the point. One more problem was that due to many sources there were a clash in the facts & figures so we have taken out the reliable resources in order to make it less confusing. The research concluded that the flood has caused unprecedented devastation to Pakistan’s economy, agriculture, infrastructure, imports/exports and above all, to human lives and dignity. Not only 20 mill ion have to be given food and shelter but for the long term the government and the people have to create jobs so that they can stand on their own feet again. Introduction Natural Disaster is the effect of natural hazards which includes flood, tornado, volcano eruption, earthquake or landslide that affects the environment, leads to financial, environmental and/or human losses. It is terrible event that is not caused by human activity and results in deaths, injuries or damage to property. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster, and their resilience. This perceptive is concentrated in the formulation: disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability .A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The term natural has therefore been disputed because the events simply are not hazards or disasters without human involvement. Natural disasters which occur due to the change of plate tectonics are earthquakes, volcanoes, geyser eruptions and tsunami. These different types of natural disasters have taken away millions of lives and have caused trillions of dollars in terms of financial losses. The recent flood in Pakistan was one of the worst natural disasters in Pakistan’s history and in world’s history. It was one of the biggest disasters that the world have ever experienced not in terms of death but in terms of people affected, area affected and in terms of financial losses that occurred. Almost one- eighth of the population was directly affected by flood. The floods that recently caused great damage to Pakistan had more impact than the combine impact of tsunami in 2004, Haiti earthquake in 2010 and Earthquake of 2005 that affected northern areas of Pakistan. The affected people in these combine three disasters were around 11 million people but in the recent flood affected around 20 million people across Paki stan. Pakistan has experienced floods and the details of those floods are provided below: Flood in September 1992 affected 12 million people Flood in August 1992 affected 6 million people Flood in August 1976 affected 5 million people

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Ethics - Assignment Example At the beginning of the study, ethical in nature and was meant to explore the effect of lack of treatment in the black males (Shavers, Lynch & Burmeister, 2000). However, the unethical part comes into focus later on in the study when a cure is, and no one bothers to use it. The team is only interested in the medical side despite the human beings having a right to existence in the availability of treatment. The achievement of scientific and medical results is more important than the health of human beings. Codes of ethics explicitly state that doctors and nurses should not deny their patients treatment for reasons of judgment based on discrimination (American Nurses Association, 2001).The experiment raises many ethical questions on whether it is moral to continue an investigation even after a cure has been discovered. There is also the concern whether professional nurses should allow the public to be misinformed during a research. Nurse Ever had a prior knowledge of what was being researched and the effects that it would have on the subjects. As a professional nurse, the most appropriate action to take was to inform the patients the nature of the study. However, she ignored her duties and participated in the denial of these rights to the patients. Her contribution to the study was a direct violation of the nursing code of ethics (Emanuel, 2003). The Nazi medical experiments are similar to the test that was conducted in blacks in Tuskegee. A conflict of roles is identified; the nurse has a duty to do as the doctors prescribed for the patients. Although what is done is wrong, the primary responsibility of a professional nurse is to obey the doctor’s orders. The nurse should always be concerned with the well-being of the subject, and these should be more important than interests of science (American Nurses Association, 2010). There should be respect for the participants’ right to withdraw from a research a factor that was considered in the film.